jackpot party casino: claim your no deposit bonus now!

Are you ready to dive into the thrilling world of online casinos? Look no further than Jackpot Party Casino, where excitement and rewards await you! One of the most enticing offers available right now is the no deposit bonus. This article will guide you through everything you need to know about claiming your no deposit bonus at Jackpot Party Casino. What is a No Deposit Bonus? A no deposit bonus is a promotional offer provided by online casinos to attract new players. Unlike other bonuses that require a deposit, this one allows you to start playing without risking your own money.

  • Starlight Betting Lounge
    new
    Celestial Bet100% / $1500
    Casino popularity:
    Collecting more data...
    Payment methods
    • Mifinity
    • Google Pay
    • PIX
    • EcoPayz
    • Neteller
    • Apple Pay
    • Visa
    • Sofort
    • Interac
    • Wagering: 35 x (b)
    • Withdrawal time: 1 days
    • Minimum deposit to casino: $30
    • Bonus max bet: $5
    • Established: 2024
    • Free Spins: 200
    • 1st Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT22nd Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT33rd Deposit Bonus:75% / $3000 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT44th Deposit Bonus:50% / $4500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Leading selection of slots
    • VISA casino site
    • HD streaming casino games
    • Newly unveiled casino
    • Signup offer now available
    • Mr. Gamble special bonuses
    Show more
  • Lucky Ace Palace
    Luck&Luxury100% / $1500
    Casino popularity:
    Collecting more data...
    Payment methods
    • Mifinity
    • Google Pay
    • PIX
    • EcoPayz
    • Neteller
    • Apple Pay
    • Visa
    • Sofort
    • Interac
    • Wagering: 35 x (b)
    • Withdrawal time: 1 days
    • Minimum deposit to casino: $30
    • Bonus max bet: $5
    • Established: 2024
    • Free Spins: 200
    • 1st Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT22nd Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT33rd Deposit Bonus:75% / $3000 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT44th Deposit Bonus:50% / $4500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Leading selection of slots
    • VISA casino site
    • HD streaming casino games
    • Newly unveiled casino
    • Signup offer now available
    • Mr. Gamble special bonuses
    Show more
  • Cash King Palace
    Royal Wins100% / $1500
    Casino popularity:
    Collecting more data...
    Payment methods
    • Mifinity
    • Google Pay
    • PIX
    • EcoPayz
    • Neteller
    • Apple Pay
    • Visa
    • Sofort
    • Interac
    • Wagering: 35 x (b)
    • Withdrawal time: 1 days
    • Minimum deposit to casino: $30
    • Bonus max bet: $5
    • Established: 2024
    • Free Spins: 200
    • 1st Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT22nd Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT33rd Deposit Bonus:75% / $3000 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT44th Deposit Bonus:50% / $4500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Leading selection of slots
    • VISA casino site
    • HD streaming casino games
    • Newly unveiled casino
    • Signup offer now available
    • Mr. Gamble special bonuses
    Show more
  • Silver Fox Slots
    Elegance+Fun100% / $1500
    Casino popularity:
    Collecting more data...
    Payment methods
    • Mifinity
    • Google Pay
    • PIX
    • EcoPayz
    • Neteller
    • Apple Pay
    • Visa
    • Sofort
    • Interac
    • Wagering: 35 x (b)
    • Withdrawal time: 1 days
    • Minimum deposit to casino: $30
    • Bonus max bet: $5
    • Established: 2024
    • Free Spins: 200
    • 1st Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT22nd Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT33rd Deposit Bonus:75% / $3000 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT44th Deposit Bonus:50% / $4500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Leading selection of slots
    • VISA casino site
    • HD streaming casino games
    • Newly unveiled casino
    • Signup offer now available
    • Mr. Gamble special bonuses
    Show more
  • Spin Palace Casino
    Win Big Now100% / $1500
    Casino popularity:
    Collecting more data...
    Payment methods
    • Mifinity
    • Google Pay
    • PIX
    • EcoPayz
    • Neteller
    • Apple Pay
    • Visa
    • Sofort
    • Interac
    • Wagering: 35 x (b)
    • Withdrawal time: 1 days
    • Minimum deposit to casino: $30
    • Bonus max bet: $5
    • Established: 2024
    • Free Spins: 200
    • 1st Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT22nd Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT33rd Deposit Bonus:75% / $3000 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT44th Deposit Bonus:50% / $4500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Leading selection of slots
    • VISA casino site
    • HD streaming casino games
    • Newly unveiled casino
    • Signup offer now available
    • Mr. Gamble special bonuses
    Show more
  • Golden Spin Casino
    Luxury Play100% / $1500
    Casino popularity:
    Collecting more data...
    Payment methods
    • Mifinity
    • Google Pay
    • PIX
    • EcoPayz
    • Neteller
    • Apple Pay
    • Visa
    • Sofort
    • Interac
    • Wagering: 35 x (b)
    • Withdrawal time: 1 days
    • Minimum deposit to casino: $30
    • Bonus max bet: $5
    • Established: 2024
    • Free Spins: 200
    • 1st Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT22nd Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT33rd Deposit Bonus:75% / $3000 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT44th Deposit Bonus:50% / $4500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Leading selection of slots
    • VISA casino site
    • HD streaming casino games
    • Newly unveiled casino
    • Signup offer now available
    • Mr. Gamble special bonuses
    Show more
  • Lucky Ace Casino
    Luck&Luxury100% / $1500
    Casino popularity:
    Collecting more data...
    Payment methods
    • Mifinity
    • Google Pay
    • PIX
    • EcoPayz
    • Neteller
    • Apple Pay
    • Visa
    • Sofort
    • Interac
    • Wagering: 35 x (b)
    • Withdrawal time: 1 days
    • Minimum deposit to casino: $30
    • Bonus max bet: $5
    • Established: 2024
    • Free Spins: 200
    • 1st Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT22nd Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT33rd Deposit Bonus:75% / $3000 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT44th Deposit Bonus:50% / $4500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Leading selection of slots
    • VISA casino site
    • HD streaming casino games
    • Newly unveiled casino
    • Signup offer now available
    • Mr. Gamble special bonuses
    Show more
  • Royal Fortune Gaming
    Opulence & Thrills100% / $1500
    Casino popularity:
    Collecting more data...
    Payment methods
    • Mifinity
    • Google Pay
    • PIX
    • EcoPayz
    • Neteller
    • Apple Pay
    • Visa
    • Sofort
    • Interac
    • Wagering: 35 x (b)
    • Withdrawal time: 1 days
    • Minimum deposit to casino: $30
    • Bonus max bet: $5
    • Established: 2024
    • Free Spins: 200
    • 1st Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT22nd Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT33rd Deposit Bonus:75% / $3000 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT44th Deposit Bonus:50% / $4500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Leading selection of slots
    • VISA casino site
    • HD streaming casino games
    • Newly unveiled casino
    • Signup offer now available
    • Mr. Gamble special bonuses
    Show more
  • Diamond Crown Casino
    Opulence & Fun100% / $1500
    Casino popularity:
    Collecting more data...
    Payment methods
    • Mifinity
    • Google Pay
    • PIX
    • EcoPayz
    • Neteller
    • Apple Pay
    • Visa
    • Sofort
    • Interac
    • Wagering: 35 x (b)
    • Withdrawal time: 1 days
    • Minimum deposit to casino: $30
    • Bonus max bet: $5
    • Established: 2024
    • Free Spins: 200
    • 1st Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT22nd Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT33rd Deposit Bonus:75% / $3000 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT44th Deposit Bonus:50% / $4500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Leading selection of slots
    • VISA casino site
    • HD streaming casino games
    • Newly unveiled casino
    • Signup offer now available
    • Mr. Gamble special bonuses
    Show more
  • Jackpot Haven
    Thrills&Wins100% / $1500
    Casino popularity:
    Collecting more data...
    Payment methods
    • Mifinity
    • Google Pay
    • PIX
    • EcoPayz
    • Neteller
    • Apple Pay
    • Visa
    • Sofort
    • Interac
    • Wagering: 35 x (b)
    • Withdrawal time: 1 days
    • Minimum deposit to casino: $30
    • Bonus max bet: $5
    • Established: 2024
    • Free Spins: 200
    • 1st Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT22nd Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT33rd Deposit Bonus:75% / $3000 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT44th Deposit Bonus:50% / $4500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Leading selection of slots
    • VISA casino site
    • HD streaming casino games
    • Newly unveiled casino
    • Signup offer now available
    • Mr. Gamble special bonuses
    Show more

jackpot party casino: claim your no deposit bonus now!

Are you ready to dive into the thrilling world of online casinos? Look no further than Jackpot Party Casino, where excitement and rewards await you! One of the most enticing offers available right now is the no deposit bonus. This article will guide you through everything you need to know about claiming your no deposit bonus at Jackpot Party Casino.

What is a No Deposit Bonus?

A no deposit bonus is a promotional offer provided by online casinos to attract new players. Unlike other bonuses that require a deposit, this one allows you to start playing without risking your own money. It’s a fantastic way to explore the casino and its games without any financial commitment.

Key Features of No Deposit Bonuses:

  • Free Credits: Receive a specific amount of credits or spins to use on various games.
  • No Risk: Play without making a deposit, minimizing financial risk.
  • Explore the Casino: Test out different games and features to see if the casino suits your preferences.

How to Claim Your No Deposit Bonus at Jackpot Party Casino

Claiming your no deposit bonus at Jackpot Party Casino is a straightforward process. Follow these simple steps:

  1. Sign Up: Visit the Jackpot Party Casino website and create a new account. Fill in the required details to complete the registration process.
  2. Verify Your Account: Check your email for a verification link sent by Jackpot Party Casino. Click on the link to verify your account.
  3. Claim the Bonus: Once your account is verified, navigate to the promotions section. Look for the no deposit bonus offer and claim it by clicking on the appropriate button.
  4. Start Playing: Use your free credits or spins on your favorite games. Enjoy the thrill of winning without any initial investment!

Jackpot Party Casino offers a wide range of games that you can enjoy with your no deposit bonus. Here are some popular options:

  • Electronic Slot Machines: Experience the excitement of spinning the reels with classic and modern slot machines.
  • Baccarat: Test your luck and strategy in this elegant card game.
  • Blackjack: Challenge the dealer and aim for a hand total of 21.
  • Roulette: Place your bets and watch the wheel spin for a chance to win big.

Tips for Maximizing Your No Deposit Bonus

To make the most out of your no deposit bonus, consider the following tips:

  • Read the Terms and Conditions: Understand the wagering requirements and any restrictions associated with the bonus.
  • Budget Wisely: Even though the bonus is free, manage your gameplay to avoid unnecessary losses.
  • Explore New Games: Use the bonus to try out new games that you might not have played before.

Jackpot Party Casino’s no deposit bonus is an excellent opportunity for new players to experience the thrill of online gambling without any financial risk. By following the simple steps outlined above, you can claim your bonus and start playing your favorite games today. Don’t miss out on this fantastic offer – claim your no deposit bonus now and join the party at Jackpot Party Casino!

jackpot party casino: claim your no deposit bonus now!

Are you ready to dive into the thrilling world of online casinos? Look no further than Jackpot Party Casino, where excitement and rewards await you! One of the most enticing offers available is the no deposit bonus, which allows you to experience the casino’s offerings without risking your own money. Here’s everything you need to know about claiming your no deposit bonus at Jackpot Party Casino.

What is a No Deposit Bonus?

A no deposit bonus is a type of casino promotion where players can receive free credits or spins without having to make a deposit. This bonus is a fantastic way to explore the casino, try out different games, and potentially win real money without any financial commitment.

Key Benefits of No Deposit Bonuses:

  • Risk-Free Gaming: Play your favorite games without risking your own money.
  • Test the Waters: Get a feel for the casino and its games before committing any funds.
  • Win Real Money: Turn your free credits into real cash winnings.

How to Claim Your No Deposit Bonus at Jackpot Party Casino

Claiming your no deposit bonus at Jackpot Party Casino is a straightforward process. Follow these simple steps to get started:

  1. Create an Account:

    • Visit the Jackpot Party Casino website.
    • Click on the “Sign Up” or “Register” button.
    • Fill in the required information to create your account.
  2. Verify Your Account:

    • Check your email for a verification link sent by Jackpot Party Casino.
    • Click on the link to verify your account and activate your no deposit bonus.
  3. Claim Your Bonus:

    • Once your account is verified, log in to your Jackpot Party Casino account.
    • Navigate to the “Promotions” or “Bonuses” section.
    • Locate the no deposit bonus offer and click on “Claim Now.”
  4. Start Playing:

    • Use your free credits or spins to play a variety of games available at Jackpot Party Casino.
    • Enjoy the thrill of winning real money without any initial deposit!

Jackpot Party Casino offers a wide range of games to suit every player’s taste. Here are some of the most popular games you can enjoy with your no deposit bonus:

  • Electronic Slot Machines:

    • Experience the excitement of classic and modern slot machines with stunning graphics and immersive sound effects.
    • Try your luck on popular titles like “Wheel of Fortune” and “Blazing 7s.”
  • Baccarat:

    • Test your skills in this elegant card game where you can bet on the player, banker, or a tie.
    • Enjoy the thrill of high-stakes action with low house edges.
  • Football Betting:

    • Get in on the action with live football betting and special promotions during major tournaments.
    • Place your bets and cheer for your favorite teams as you watch the games unfold.

Terms and Conditions

While no deposit bonuses are a fantastic way to enjoy free gaming, it’s essential to understand the terms and conditions associated with them. Here are some key points to keep in mind:

  • Wagering Requirements:

    • You may need to wager your bonus a certain number of times before you can withdraw any winnings.
    • Always check the specific wagering requirements for your no deposit bonus.
  • Expiry Period:

    • No deposit bonuses typically come with an expiry date. Make sure to use your bonus within the specified timeframe.
  • Game Restrictions:

    • Some games may contribute differently to the wagering requirements. Ensure you understand which games are eligible for your bonus.

Jackpot Party Casino’s no deposit bonus is an excellent opportunity to experience the thrill of online gaming without any financial risk. By following the simple steps outlined above, you can claim your bonus and start playing your favorite games today. Whether you’re into slot machines, baccarat, or football betting, Jackpot Party Casino has something for everyone. So, what are you waiting for? Claim your no deposit bonus now and let the fun begin!

exclusive no deposit bonus codes for australian casinos - claim your free spins now!

Are you an avid casino enthusiast in Australia looking for ways to maximize your gaming experience without dipping into your wallet? Look no further! We’ve got the inside scoop on exclusive no deposit bonus codes that can unlock a treasure trove of free spins and other enticing rewards at some of the top Australian casinos.

What Are No Deposit Bonus Codes?

No deposit bonus codes are special promotional codes provided by online casinos to attract new players or reward existing ones. These codes allow you to claim bonuses such as free spins, cash credits, or other perks without having to make a deposit. Essentially, it’s a risk-free way to explore the casino and its offerings.

Why Claim No Deposit Bonus Codes?

  • Risk-Free Gaming: Enjoy casino games without risking your own money.
  • Try New Games: Test out new slots or table games without any financial commitment.
  • Win Real Money: Turn your free spins into real cash winnings.
  • Exclusive Offers: Gain access to special promotions and bonuses that are not available to regular players.

How to Claim Your No Deposit Bonus Codes

  1. Choose a Casino: Select a reputable Australian casino that offers no deposit bonuses.
  2. Register an Account: Sign up for a new account or log in if you’re an existing player.
  3. Enter the Code: Navigate to the promotions or bonuses section and enter the exclusive no deposit bonus code.
  4. Claim Your Bonus: Follow the instructions provided by the casino to claim your free spins or other bonuses.

Top Australian Casinos with No Deposit Bonus Codes

1. Jackpot City Casino

  • Bonus Code: JACKPOT100
  • Offer: 100 Free Spins on Mega Moolah
  • How to Claim: Register, enter the code, and start spinning!

2. Spin Palace Casino

  • Bonus Code: SPIN50
  • Offer: 50 Free Spins on Starburst
  • How to Claim: Log in, enter the code, and enjoy your free spins.

3. Royal Vegas Casino

  • Bonus Code: ROYAL25
  • Offer: 25 Free Spins on Book of Dead
  • How to Claim: Sign up, enter the code, and start your adventure.

4. Ruby Fortune Casino

  • Bonus Code: RUBY30
  • Offer: 30 Free Spins on Gonzo’s Quest
  • How to Claim: Register, enter the code, and claim your free spins.

Tips for Maximizing Your No Deposit Bonus

  • Read the Terms and Conditions: Always check the wagering requirements and validity period of the bonus.
  • Play Responsibly: Set a budget and stick to it, even when playing with free spins.
  • Explore Multiple Casinos: Take advantage of multiple no deposit bonuses to diversify your gaming experience.
  • Stay Updated: Keep an eye on the latest promotions and codes to ensure you don’t miss out on any exciting offers.

No deposit bonus codes are a fantastic way for Australian casino enthusiasts to enjoy free spins and other bonuses without any financial risk. By following the steps outlined above and taking advantage of the exclusive codes provided, you can enhance your gaming experience and potentially win real money. So, what are you waiting for? Claim your free spins now and start spinning your way to victory!

jackpot party casino no deposit bonus

Welcome to the exciting world of Jackpot Party Casino, where the thrill of winning big is just a spin away! One of the most enticing offers for new players is the no deposit bonus. This article will delve into what a no deposit bonus is, how it works at Jackpot Party Casino, and how you can make the most of it.

What is a No Deposit Bonus?

A no deposit bonus is a type of casino promotion that allows players to enjoy games without making an initial deposit. It’s a way for casinos to attract new players and give them a taste of the gaming experience. Typically, these bonuses come in the form of free spins, free chips, or a small amount of free cash.

Types of No Deposit Bonuses

  • Free Spins: These allow you to spin the reels of selected slot machines for free.
  • Free Chips: These are virtual chips that you can use to play table games like blackjack or roulette.
  • Free Cash: A small amount of money credited to your account, which you can use to play various games.

How Does the No Deposit Bonus Work at Jackpot Party Casino?

At Jackpot Party Casino, the no deposit bonus is designed to give new players a head start. Here’s how it works:

  1. Sign Up: Create a new account at Jackpot Party Casino.
  2. Claim the Bonus: Once your account is verified, the no deposit bonus will be automatically credited to your account.
  3. Play Games: Use your free spins, chips, or cash to play your favorite games.

Key Points to Remember

  • Wagering Requirements: Most no deposit bonuses come with wagering requirements. This means you need to bet a certain amount before you can withdraw any winnings.
  • Expiry Date: The bonus usually has an expiry date, after which it will be removed from your account if not used.
  • Game Restrictions: The bonus may only be valid for certain games. Make sure to check the terms and conditions.

Maximizing Your No Deposit Bonus

To get the most out of your no deposit bonus at Jackpot Party Casino, consider the following tips:

  • Read the Terms and Conditions: Understanding the rules will help you avoid any surprises.
  • Start with High RTP Games: Games with a high Return to Player (RTP) percentage give you better odds of winning.
  • Budget Wisely: Even though it’s free, treat it like real money and manage your bets accordingly.
  • Take Advantage of Other Promotions: Jackpot Party Casino often runs additional promotions. Combine these with your no deposit bonus for even more chances to win.

The no deposit bonus at Jackpot Party Casino is a fantastic opportunity for new players to explore the casino and potentially win real money without risking their own funds. By understanding the terms and making smart choices, you can maximize your chances of having a rewarding gaming experience. So, why wait? Sign up today and start your journey with the Jackpot Party Casino no deposit bonus!

Source

  1. jackpot party casino: claim your no deposit bonus now!
  2. claim your pokie mate casino no deposit bonus now!
  3. evospin casino no deposit bonus: claim your free spins now!
  4. no deposit casino welcome bonus: claim your free bonus now!
  5. claim your pokie mate casino no deposit bonus now!
  6. spin fields casino: claim your no deposit bonus now!

Frequently Questions

How can I claim my no deposit bonus at Jackpot Party Casino?

To claim your no deposit bonus at Jackpot Party Casino, follow these simple steps: First, visit the official Jackpot Party Casino website or download the app. Next, create a new account by providing the necessary details. Once your account is verified, the no deposit bonus will be automatically credited to your account. If you don't see the bonus, contact customer support for assistance. Remember to check the terms and conditions for any wagering requirements before you start playing. Enjoy your bonus and good luck at the games!

What steps are needed to get a no deposit bonus at Jackpot Party Casino?

To get a no deposit bonus at Jackpot Party Casino, follow these steps: First, visit the official Jackpot Party Casino website or download the app. Next, create a new account by providing the necessary details and verifying your email. After registration, check your account for any available no deposit bonuses, which may be offered as free spins or bonus credits. Ensure you read and understand the terms and conditions, including wagering requirements, to maximize your bonus benefits. Finally, claim the bonus and start playing your favorite games. Keep an eye on promotions for more opportunities to earn free bonuses.

 

How can I claim the no deposit bonus at Jackpot City Mobile Casino?

To claim the no deposit bonus at Jackpot City Mobile Casino, follow these simple steps: First, download the Jackpot City app from the App Store or Google Play. Next, create a new account by providing your personal details and verifying your email. Once your account is verified, log in and navigate to the 'Promotions' section. Here, you'll find the no deposit bonus offer. Click 'Claim' and the bonus will be credited to your account instantly. Enjoy your free bonus and start playing your favorite mobile casino games right away! Remember to check the terms and conditions for any wagering requirements.

How can I claim the 2022 Party Casino no deposit bonus?

To claim the 2022 Party Casino no deposit bonus, first, visit the official Party Casino website. Next, create a new account by filling out the registration form with accurate personal details. Once your account is verified, the no deposit bonus will be automatically credited to your account. This bonus typically includes free spins or a small amount of free cash to explore the casino. Remember to review the terms and conditions, as wagering requirements and expiration dates apply. Enjoy your bonus and good luck!

How can I claim the no deposit bonus at Dream Jackpot Casino?

To claim the no deposit bonus at Dream Jackpot Casino, follow these simple steps: First, visit the Dream Jackpot Casino website and sign up for a new account. Ensure you provide accurate information during registration. Once your account is verified, navigate to the 'Promotions' section where you'll find the no deposit bonus offer. Click on 'Claim Now' and follow the on-screen instructions to activate the bonus. This bonus typically includes free spins or a small amount of bonus cash, which you can use to explore the casino without making a deposit. Remember to check the terms and conditions for wagering requirements and validity periods.